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『10-08』 动物小知识

『10-08』 动物小知识

 

本文来自:海涛股票论坛(www.198bbs.com)  作者:风花雪夜   点击174


<DIV><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>龟长寿的秘密<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN><STRONG>龟</STRONG>应该是地球上最长寿的动物了。科学家认为这与他性情懒惰、行动缓慢、新陈代谢率低有关。从生理学角度研究发现龟的细胞繁殖代数可能是动物中最多的。龟的心脏机能也很特别,从活的龟体内取出的心脏有的竟可以连续跳动两天。龟归类长寿无疑与他们的生活习性、生理机能密切相关,但确切原因还有待进一步研究。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 8.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>动物眼中的彩色世界</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN>正常<STRONG>人的眼睛</STRONG>能感知这个世界的五彩缤纷,识别红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫,以及它们之间的各种过渡色,总共约有<FONT face="Times New Roman">60</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多种。那么,动物的感色能力又如何呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">?</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">科学家对此进行了研究。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN>研究证实,<STRONG>大多数哺乳动物是色盲</STRONG>。如牛、羊、马、狗、猫等,几乎不会分辨颜色,反映到它们眼睛里的色彩,只有黑、白、灰<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种颜色,如同我们看黑白电视一样单调。西班牙的斗牛场上,斗牛士用红色的斗篷向公牛挑战,人们原以为是红色激怒了它,其实是因为斗篷在公牛眼前不断摇晃,使它受到烦扰而发怨,如果换上别种颜色的斗篷,公牛也会出现同样的反应。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN><STRONG>狗</STRONG>不能分辨颜色,它看景物就像一张黑白照片。狗追捕猎物除了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">条腿外,主要靠嗅觉和听觉。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我们人类的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">近亲</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT><STRONG>猿猴也是色育</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,过着平淡无奇的灰色生活。田鼠、家鼠、黄鼠、花鼠、松鼠、草原犬等也不能分辨颜色。长颈鹿能分辨黄色、绿色和橘黄色。鹿对灰色的识别力最强。有趣的是,斑马虽然是色盲,它却能利用色彩来保护自己。斑马和其他动物混在一起吃草,黑白条纹可以引起注意,因此在出现危险时,只要领头马一动,所有斑马会迅速逃走。当斑马奔跑时,黑白两色条纹的晃动使得捕食动物难以快速测定距离,斑马便可安全逃脱。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN><STRONG>鸟类则不然</STRONG>。除了某些过惯了夜生活的鸟类,如猫头鹰等,因为视网膜中没有锥状细胞,无法认色以外,许多飞禽都有色的感觉。乌在高空飞行需要找到降落的地方,颜色会帮助它们判断距离和形状。这样它们就能够抓住在空中飞的虫子,在树枝上轻轻降落。鸟类的辨色能力也有利于它们寻找配偶。试想,雄乌常用艳丽的羽毛吸引异性,如果它们感受不到颜色,那雄鸟还有什么魅力呢</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">? </FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><STRONG>多数水生动物都具有辨色能力</STRONG>。鲈能感知颜色,生物学家用染成红色的幼虫喂它们,待其习惯后,改用红色羊毛喂它们,鲈竟然照吃不误。龙虾、小虾以及爬行动物里的甲鱼、乌鱼和蜥蜴等,也都有色的感觉。</FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN><STRONG>昆虫</STRONG>虽然属低等动物,但是它们的辨色能力比哺乳动物高明。据悉,蜻蜓对色的视觉最佳,其次是蝴蝶和飞蛾。苍蝇和蚊子也能看见颜色。家蝇最讨厌蓝色,因而不愿接近蓝色的门窗、帐慢。蚊子能够辨别黄、蓝和黑色,并且偏爱黑色。勤劳的小蜜蜂生活在万紫千红的花丛中,却是红色育,红色和黑色在蜜蜂眼里没有什么区别。蜜蜂能分辨青、黄、蓝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种颜色,但橙、黄、绿在它们看来是一样的。它们也搞不清蓝与紫有何不同。可是,蜜蜂能看见人所看不见的紫外线,并能把紫外线和各种深浅不同的白色和灰色准确地区别开来。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=3> </FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>动物睡觉时也会做梦吗?</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><FONT color=#000000 size=3>人睡觉时要做梦,动物睡觉时也会做梦吗?</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">科学家经研究得出了结论:大部分爬行动物不会做梦;鸟类都会做梦,不过大多数种类只做短暂的梦;各种哺乳动物,如猫、狗、马等家畜,还有大象、老鼠、刺猬、松鼠、鼠、犰狳、蝙蝠等都会做梦,有的做梦较频繁,有的则少些;鱼类、两栖动物和无脊动物都不会做梦。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: #4b4b4b; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN><STRONG>鲤鱼跳“龙门”<o:p></o:p></STRONG></SPAN></P><FONT size=3><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在神话故事中,鲤鱼被人们看做是吉祥、勇敢、善良、坚贞的象征。所以,也就有传说<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>鲤鱼跳龙门<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>这句喜庆话了。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">鲤鱼体态俊秀,背高体阔。侧线鳞<SPAN lang=EN-US>36</SPAN>片,排列的整整齐齐。它性情温顺,行动敏捷,柔中有刚。每当遇到危险时,它不但能巧妙地溜走,而且还会使出绝招。看!鲤鱼在前进时遇到了鱼堰,它立即将尾部卷向头部,然后猛地用力挺直身体,就象压缩的弹簧骤然弹开,一下子就跳了过去,这就是人们传说中的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>鲤鱼跳龙门<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">有时鲤鱼不幸被网围住,它也能利用背鳍和臀鳍前面带有锯齿的硬刺把鱼网割断,很快溜走。它还用同样办法巧妙地割断钓鱼线而逃之夭夭。鲤鱼喜欢在水流缓慢而杂草丛生的水中牺息,却很少出现在水面上。鲤鱼之间是很友爱的,它们之间从不残杀。刚刚浮出来的鱼苗主要吃软虫、甲壳类等浮游动物,身体长到<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="毫米" SourceValue="20" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>毫米</st1:chmetcnv>时,改吃小型底栖无脊椎动物。到了成鱼便为杂食性,如田螺、蚌、蚬、昆虫的幼虫以及某些水生植物。往往在鲤鱼集中的地方,人们常常可以听到<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>嚓嚓<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>的声音,这正是鲤鱼的咽喉齿在研磨植物性食物的声音。每年春天是鲤鱼的生殖季节,雌鲤鱼很会挑选产卵地点,它专门选择那些在涨潮时被水淹没,退潮时又能露出杂草的浅水地段产卵,因为这里既安全,卵也容易孵化。雌鱼在产卵前异常兴奋,并会急促地游动,与此同时它还散发着一种特有的气味。这时雄鱼闻到后,也会显得十分兴奋,东游西窜。一会儿雌鱼的背棘露出水面;一会儿雄鱼跃出水面,水面由于它们之间产生爱的活动而出现一圈圈波纹。在天亮前,在一片暄闹声中,雌鱼在水草或小石子上产下一堆亮晶晶的卵,雄鱼这时也随即在卵上射出精子。当太阳升起时,精卵结合过程完成了,于是,一切都安静了。雌鲤鱼的繁殖能力很强,一次可产卵<SPAN lang=EN-US>30-70</SPAN>万粒。水越暖卵孵化得越快,如果产卵期的气温为<SPAN lang=EN-US>25-28 </SPAN>℃,那么,只需要<SPAN lang=EN-US>5-10</SPAN>天,就可以孵出仔鱼。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">中国是鲤鱼的故乡</SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">。早在公元前<SPAN lang=EN-US>473</SPAN>年,越国的范釜写的《养鱼经》中,就介绍了养殖鲤鱼的知识。从春秋到汉朝,是养鲤鱼的黄金时代,到了唐朝)由于鲤鱼姓皇帝的李姓,从而身价提高百倍,当时的老百性既不能捕鲤鱼,更不敢吃鲤鱼。因此,也就不再经营、养殖。渔民只好再去寻找新的鱼种,并逐渐找到了青鱼、草鱼、白鲢、花鲢,并进行混合养殖,后来又称这四种鱼为<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>四大家鱼<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>。其实,鲤鱼才是最早的<SPAN lang=EN-US>“</SPAN>家鱼<SPAN lang=EN-US>”</SPAN>。到了宋朝,鲤鱼的养殖法才开始传播到欧洲及其它各国。鲤鱼为长寿鱼,一般能活几十年,有的甚至能活<SPAN lang=EN-US>150</SPAN>年以上。</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>最大与最小的蛋<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P></DIV>
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<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN>在现存鸟类中,产蛋最大的鸟为<STRONG>鸵鸟</STRONG>,其蛋平均重量为<FONT face="Times New Roman">1.65—</FONT><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="千克" SourceValue="1.76" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.76</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>千克</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,长度在</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">15.2—</FONT><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="厘米" SourceValue="20.3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><FONT face="Times New Roman">20.3</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>厘米</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,直径有</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">14.2</FONT><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="厘米" SourceValue="15.2" HasSpace="False" Negative="True" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><FONT face="Times New Roman">-15.2</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><SPAN lang=EN-US>厘米</SPAN></SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,将它煮熟需要</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">40</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟,蛋壳厚度为</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="厘米" SourceValue=".25" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.25</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厘米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,能支持一个重</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="千克" SourceValue="114.3" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">114.3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">千克</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的人。鸵鸟的巢一般建在低洼的沙地或草地上,每年繁殖一次。在繁殖期间为一雄多雌;雌鸟把蛋产在一个公共的穴内,每穴可容蛋</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10—30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">枚左右。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">南美所产的<STRONG>蜂鸟</STRONG>,是世界上最小的鸟,而它所产的蛋也是世界最小的。据记录有一枚蛋只有</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="厘米" SourceValue="1.14" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厘米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">X   0.81</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">厘米大,现在收藏在华盛顿的斯密生博物馆内。这样小巧而精美的蛋,是于</SPAN><st1:chsdate w:st="on" Year="1906" M?5? Day="8" IsLunarDate="False" IsROCDate="False"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1906</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日</SPAN></st1:chsdate><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在古巴胜地哥亚的地方,一个叫波牙的人采到的。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>为什么动物有各种各样的尾巴?<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动物为了适应周围的生活环境和更好地生存,演变出各种各样的尾巴,不同的尾巴有各自为同的作用,大小形状有巨大的差别。如鱼类的尾巴像扇子,用力摆动时,推动身体向前游,同时还能控制方向</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">袋鼠的尾巴用于支撑身体</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">老虎的尾巴用做猎物武器</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">马的长尾巴用来驱赶昆虫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">;</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">松鼠的尾巴可以起平衡作用。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>燕窝<SPAN lang=EN-US>--</SPAN>能吃的鸟窝<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世界上可以入口的鸟窝,恐怕只有燕窝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">种。其实,也不是所有的燕窝都能吃,能吃的只是金丝燕的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燕窝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。这种金丝燕分布在泰国、菲律宾、越南和印度尼西亚等国。文献上记载,我国从唐代就已经从南洋各国进口</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燕窝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,到了明代进口量更大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燕窝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是一种补品,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在筵席上是上等珍馐,以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燕窝汤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">而闻名。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">燕窝</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">是用特殊材料制成的,金丝燕喉部的粘液腺非常发达,能分泌出胶粘性的唾液,金丝燕一口口地把它堆集在陡峭的石壁上,做成一个大约深</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="毫米" SourceValue="30" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">30</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,内径</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="毫米" SourceValue="50" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的碗碟状半圆形的燕窝,小小的金丝燕一般体长才</SPAN><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" UnitName="毫米" SourceValue="90" HasSpace="False" Negative="False" NumberType="1" TCSC="0"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">90</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">毫米</SPAN></st1:chmetcnv><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,对它来讲,要做这样大的一个窝,谈何容易,不知要花费出多少辛苦和劳动才能完成。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">金丝燕是雨燕科中最小的一类,翅膀尖而长,显得非常有力,它们终日在空中飞翔,捕食飞虫,它们的视力很敏锐,只要有虫飞过,一般不易从它口中逃脱。它们成千上万地挤在一个岩洞里,即使是它们的窝,也做得很密,常见</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个在一起。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>象征长寿的鸟<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 20pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丹顶鹤身高腿长,全身白色;翅膀的黑色飞羽,长而弯曲直达尾部;头顶部的朱红色赐给了它</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">丹顶鹤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的美名。看!它的体态是那样优美,行动又是那么文雅,自古常为诗画的题材。画家将丹顶鹤布局在松树上,天空中挂起一轮初升的太阳。于是乎白色的鹤、绿色的树、蓝色的天空、红色的太阳,构成一幅十分鲜艳而富有魅力的画面,画上写有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">松鹤延年</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的题词,含有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="祝"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">祝</SPAN></st1:PersonName><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">君长寿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">之意。在民间传说中,仙人、老寿星是常以丹顶鹤为伴,也同样含有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">长寿</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的意思,故此而得名</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">仙鹤</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。仙人是长生不老,丹顶鹤也是必象征着长寿了。</SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体"><BR style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-break-type: section-break" clear=all></SPAN>
<DIV class=Section2 style="LAYOUT-GRID:  15.6pt none">
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>动物给自己看病<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">动物也会得病。在同各种疾病的斗争中,它们学会了给自己治病。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN>有些动物会用野生植物治病。有一种<STRONG>鹿</STRONG>泻肚子的时候,常常去吃槲树的皮和嫩枝。原来,这些东西含有鞣酸,能够止泻。<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">咪咪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>叫的<STRONG>大花猫</STRONG>,患了肠胃炎腹泻不止时,会急急忙忙地找一种带苦味的有毒植物<FONT face="Times New Roman">——</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">藜芦草吃,然后呕吐不止。要知道,藜芦草里面含有一种生物碱,有催吐的作用。以吐治泻,成了猫治疗肠胃炎的一种有效方法。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>狼</STRONG>的胃壁肌肉能自动收缩。它们怀疑自己吃了有毒食物时,会立即收缩胃肌,把胃里的东西吐出来,以防万一。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有人捉到一条<STRONG>鳄鱼</STRONG>,剖开它的胃,发现里面有不少粗木块、石头,以及其他一些不容易消化的东西。这是怎么回事呢?其实,道理很简单:鳄鱼在冬眠的时候,怕自己消化器官的功能会减弱,就吃下一些坚硬的东西,让胃不停地工作。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">热带森林中的<STRONG>猴子</STRONG>,得了怕冷、战栗的病,就会去啃咬金鸡纳树的树皮。这种树皮中含有金鸡纳霜素,是治疗疟疾的特效药。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">有人在雨天看见一只<STRONG>野火鸡</STRONG>,一再强迫它的幼儿吃安息香的树叶。安息香的树叶不是火鸡的食物,所以它的幼儿不爱吃。原来,小火鸡浑身被雨水淋湿了,得了感冒,吃了这种带有苦味的树叶以后,它的病便慢慢地好了。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>温泉浴</STRONG>是一种人用来治病的物理疗法。说来有趣,<STRONG>熊</STRONG>和<STRONG>獾</STRONG>也会用这种办法来养生和治病。美洲灰熊有一种习惯,年纪大了以后,喜欢跑到含有硫磺的温泉中去洗澡,浸泡在里面,好像在治疗老年性关节炎似的。母獾常常把长疮的小獾带到温泉中去沐浴,治疗皮肤病。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>野牛</STRONG>得了皮肤癣后,会长途跋涉跑到湖边,在泥浆中</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">沐浴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">一番。然后爬上岸来,慢慢将泥浆晾干。不久,它又再去湖边</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">沐浴</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,直到把癣治好为止。洗泥浆浴并非野牛的</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">专利</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,<STRONG>犀牛</STRONG>和<STRONG>河马</STRONG>等也有这一爱好。因为泥浆浴不仅能治病疗伤,还有防病作用。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN>有一位猎人多次观察后发现,受伤的<STRONG>黄羊</STRONG>总是往一个山洞里跑。在跟踪到山洞后,他发现黄羊总是把受伤的部位紧紧贴着陡峭的山壁。有趣的是,黄羊离开那儿时,已经没有了先前病恹恹的样子,而是变得容光焕发了。后来,猎人在峭壁上发现了一种粘稠的黑色液体,犹如野蜂蜜,当地人把它称为<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">山泪</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,这就是野兽治疗伤口的药物。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN>一只<STRONG>山鹬</STRONG>的腿被枪打伤了。它就在河边取些粘土敷在腿部,然后又拐着脚去收集青草,放在粘土里,一同<FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">包扎</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,就像人们绑石膏一样。人们看到,这只山鹬足足缠了一个小时,等它把</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">绷带</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">全弄好才飞走。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">不少动物能为自己作</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">复位治疗</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。肚皮被划破了,内脏漏了出来,它们能将内脏塞进去,然后躲在安静的地方</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">疗养</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN>,等待伤口愈合。有一只<STRONG>青蛙</STRONG>被石块击伤了,内脏从口腔里露了出来。这时,这只青蛙呆在原地,不慌不忙地把内脏吞进去。<FONT face="Times New Roman">3 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天以后,它基本上复原了,又跳进了水塘。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN>有人见到,一条<STRONG>蝮蛇</STRONG>的头部被另一条毒蛇咬伤了,起初出了一点血,不一会儿头部便肿了起来,连嘴都肿得合不拢了。于是,它拼命喝水,<FONT face="Times New Roman">14</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">分钟里接连喝了</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">216 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">口水。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">2 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">小时以后,蝮蛇头部的肿胀渐渐消退了。这跟医生抢救被毒蛇咬伤的病人时的情景,真有点不谋而合!那时,医生往往给患者大量输液,加快毒液排出的速度。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">研究动物给自己治病的本领,对人类也是很有好处的。著名的云南白药,是云南民间医生曲焕章发明的。据说,曲焕章是位打猎能手。一天,他打中了一头老虎。谁知第二天请人去抬时,那虎不翼而飞了。后来才知道,带伤的老虎是吃了一种药草后逃跑的。曲焕章采回这种药草,配合其他药物治疗跌打损伤,效果非常好。于是,云南白药便问世了。</SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR style="PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: always; mso-break-type: section-break" clear=all></SPAN>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><STRONG>动物冬眠的奥妙<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>动物的冬眠是一种奇妙的现象</STRONG>。在加拿大,有些山鼠,冬眠长达半年。冬天一来,它们便掘好地道,钻进穴内,将身体蜷缩一团。它们的呼吸,由逐渐缓慢到几乎停止,脉博也相应变得极为微弱,体温更直线下降。这时,即使用脚踢它,也不会有任何反应,简直像死去一样,但事实上它却是活的。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>松鼠</STRONG>睡得更死。有人曾把一只冬眠的松鼠从树洞中挖出,它的头好像折断一样,任人怎么摇撼都始终不会张开眼,更不要说走动了。把它摆在桌上,用针甚至也刺不醒。只有用火炉把它烘热,它才悠悠而动,而且还要经过颇长的时间。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>刺猬</STRONG>冬眠的时候,简直连呼吸也停止了。原来,它的喉头有一块软骨,可将口腔和咽喉隔开,并掩紧气管的人口。生物学家曾把冬眠中的刺猬提来,放入温水中,浸上半小时,才见它苏醒。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>动物的冬眠真是各具特色</STRONG>:蜗牛是用自身的粘液把壳密封起来。绝大多数的昆虫,在冬季到来时不是</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">成虫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">” </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">幼虫</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">,而是以</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">蛹</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">或</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">卵</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的形式进行冬眠。熊在冬眠时呼吸正常,有时还到外面溜达几天再回来。雌熊在冬眠中,让雪覆盖着身体。一旦醒来,它身旁就会躺着</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">1-2 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">只天真活泼的小熊,显然这是冬眠时产的仔。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>动物冬眠的时间长短不一</STRONG>。西伯利亚东北部的东方旱獭和我国的刺猬,一次冬眠能睡上</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">200 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多天,而前苏联的黑貂每年却只有</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天的冬眠。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN><STRONG>动物的冬眠,完全是一项对付不利环境的保护性行动</STRONG>。引起动物冬眠的主要因素,一是环境温度的降低,二是食物的缺乏。科学家们通过实验证明,动物冬眠会引起甲状腺和肾上腺作用的降低。与此同时,生殖腺却发育正常。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">冬眠后的动物抗菌抗病能力反而比平时有所增加,显然冬眠对它们是有益的,使它们到翌年春天苏醒以后动作更加灵敏,食欲更加旺盛,而身体内的一切器官更会显出返老还童现象。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由此可见,动物在冬眠时期神经系统和肌肉仍然保持充分的活力,而新陈代射却降低到最低限度。今天医学界所创造的低温麻醉、催眠疗法,便是因此而得到的启发。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和我们人类一样,动物中的鸟兽都是温血动物,那冷血动物昆虫又是怎样熬过漫长的冬季呢?</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">昆虫学家进行了长期的观察和研究,终于查明了昆虫越冬的部分奥秘。冬天,为了防止汽车散热器结冰,人们要加人防冻液。昆虫竟然也会采用相似的办法,在严寒的冬季保护自己。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在冬天,昆虫要保持活力,不被冻僵是至关重要的。活的组织一旦被冻结,膨胀的冰晶体势必使细胞膜受到破坏,造成致命的创伤。当细胞里液体不足,不能保持维护生命所必需的酶活性时,即使没有被完全冻结,也会造成死亡。那么,昆虫是怎样解决这一难题的呢?它们主要是靠降低体内液体的冰点,从而提高抗寒能力,办法就是产生大量的</SPAN><SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">“</FONT><STRONG>防冻液</STRONG><FONT face="Times New Roman">”</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。昆虫是怎样制造防冻液的呢?天暖之后又怎样将防冻液除掉呢?为什么要除掉防冻液?这些问题直到现在仍找不到答案。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN>值得补充的是,科学家们又发现,<STRONG>蛙类也会自制防冻液</STRONG>。在实验室中,科学家们将许多青蛙冷冻起来,<FONT face="Times New Roman">5-7 </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">天后,再慢慢地使之解冻,这些青蛙解冻后依然活着。经过认真分析和研究,科学家们终于发现了青蛙能够存活的秘密。他们在这些青蛙的体液中发现了一种人们在防冻剂中常用的物质:丙三醇。与昆虫相似的是,到了春天,这些青蛙的液体中再也找不到这一物质了。</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 19pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">至今,人们尚未能完全揭开动物冬眠的奥秘。但是科学家们通过不断探索,已经认识到,研究动物的冬眠不仅妙趣横生,而且颇有价值。</SPAN></P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>

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